Basic Physics Formula Part-3
Electricity and Magnetism:
- F = qE (Coulomb's law - the electric force between two charges is equal to the product of the charges divided by the square of the distance between them, multiplied by the electric constant)
- V = IR (Ohm's law - the voltage across a resistor is equal to the current passing through it times its resistance)
- B = μI/2πr (magnetic field strength at a point on the axis of a current-carrying loop equals the magnetic constant times the current times the area of the loop, divided by twice the distance between the point and the center of the loop)
Mechanics:
- F = ma (Newton's second law - the force acting on an object is equal to its mass times its acceleration)
- v = vo + at (velocity equals initial velocity plus acceleration times time)
- d = vot + 1/2at^2 (displacement equals initial velocity times time plus one-half times acceleration times time squared)
Astrophysics:
- F = Gm1m2/r^2 (Newton's law of gravitation - the gravitational force between two objects is equal to the product of their masses, divided by the square of the distance between them, multiplied by the gravitational constant)
- v = H0d (Hubble's law - the velocity at which a galaxy is receding from us is proportional to its distance from us)
- E = hf (Planck's law - the energy of a photon is equal to Planck's constant times its frequency)
Relativity:
- E = mc^2 (mass-energy equivalence - the rest energy of an object is equal to its mass times the speed of light squared)
- t = t0 / sqrt(1 - v^2/c^2) (time dilation - the time elapsed in a moving reference frame is equal to the time elapsed in a stationary frame divided by the square root of one minus the ratio of the velocity squared to the speed of light squared)
- L = L0 / sqrt(1 - v^2/c^2) (length contraction - the length of an object in a moving reference frame is equal to its length in a stationary frame divided by the square root of one minus the ratio of the velocity squared to the speed of light squared)
Atomic and Nuclear Physics:
- E = -13.6 eV (Z^2/n^2) (energy levels of an electron in a hydrogen-like atom - the energy of an electron in a hydrogen-like atom is equal to negative 13.6 electron volts times the square of the ratio of the atomic number to the principal quantum number)
- Q = mcΔT (specific heat capacity of a substance - the heat needed to raise the temperature of a substance by one degree Celsius is equal to its mass times its specific heat capacity times the change in temperature)
- E = hf - hf0 (photoelectric effect - the kinetic energy of an electron ejected from a metal surface by a photon is equal to the energy of the photon minus the work function of the metal)
Fluid Mechanics:
- P = F/A (pressure equals force divided by area)
- ρ = m/V (density equals mass divided by volume)
- F = ρVg (buoyant force - the force experienced by an object submerged in a fluid is equal to the density of the fluid times the volume of the object times the acceleration due to gravity)
These are just a few more basic physics formulas. As you continue to study physics, you will encounter many more formulas that describe the behavior of the physical world around us.
